ACEPHALIC ANTI-FASCISM

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF FASCISM BY GEORGES BATAILLE

Abstract

This text seeks to present the concept of fascism and its psychological structure according to the French author Georges Bataille. From the text entitled The Psychological Structure of Fascism, we intend to demonstrate, first, the psychological structure of society, from the concepts of homogeneous and heterogeneous. The homogeneous is everything that is considered useful and founded by production, while the heterogeneous is that which is marginalized either because it is considered garbage or because it is considered transcendental. We found that there are two types of heterogeneity: one inferior and the other superior, with fascism being an example of the latter. We will analyze how fascism is the joining of two powers: the military and the religious. Its internal organization is like an army, and its leader has a divine aura. Fascism is an idiosyncratic heterogeneous movement as it represents the marriage of sovereign heterogeneous forces with the homogeneous liberal state. Having done this, we present a third concept of heterogeneity: subversive heterogeneity, which Bataille associates with anti-fascist movements and which seek to bring what is considered garbage to the top, demonstrating that, thus, the political struggle would no longer be waged between fascism and communism, and yes between heterogeneous forces that seek to enslave humanity against forces that seek human emancipation.